新疆谢米斯台地区岩矿光谱特征提取及光谱分析

Extraction and analysis of rocks and minerals spectral characteristics of Xiemisitai in western Junggar, Xinjiang

不同岩石矿物和矿化蚀变具有不同的光谱特征,这是利用遥感技术进行岩石矿物和蚀变信息识别的基础.本研究在谢米斯台地区进行岩矿样品采集,利用ASD野外光谱辐射仪采集光谱反射率数据,通过去噪处理、标准化处理、微分处理和去包络线处理,开展了典型岩矿样品、风化面与新鲜面样品和不同矿化蚀变的光谱特征提取和光谱分析.研究发现,岩矿在380～1 100 nm波段的光谱特征,主要是金属离子产生;在1 100～2 500 nm波段的光谱特征,主要是阴离子基团中的羟基、碳酸根和水分子产生;矿化蚀变光谱具有可诊断性特征谱带,是其矿物组成中的各种蚀变矿物特征信息的反映;受到矿物含量改变和外界环境因素的影响,光谱的整体形态或局部特征都发生变化.岩矿光谱特征的提取和分析,将提高和改善高光谱技术对不同区域同种类型的矿床勘查。

Different mineral rock and alteration mineralization have different spectral characteristics, which are the foundation of remote sensing technology for identification of rock ore, alteration information. This research had carried on the ground to typical mineral rock survey, reflection spectrometry by the ASD field spectral radiometer in Xiemisitai western Junggar, Xinjiang. According to characteristics of spectral data, those spectral data was processed by denoise, normalization processing, first order differential and continuum removed. We extracted and analyzed the spectral characteristics of nine categories typical rock ore samples, the weathering and fresh surface samples and the different alteration type samples in the study area. The study found that the spectrum characteristics of rock ore in 380 - 1 100 nm band is mainly the metal ions; and in 1 100-2 500 nm is mainly anion groups of hydroxyl, carbonate ions and water molecules; mineralized alteration rock spectrum is the mineral composition of various alteration mineral characteristic information of reflection, but rock ore spectrum with related diagnosable sexual characteristics band; the integral form or local characteristics of spectral are changing with rock mineral content change, crystallization degree and the external environment factors. It will improve and enhance hyperspectral technology for different regions of the same type of ore deposit exploration by extraction and analysis of the rock ore spectral characteristics.