中国城镇职工基本养老保险流动性分析

Transferability of Pension Insurance System of China's Urban Employees

劳动力流动频繁已经成为中国社会经济发展的一种常态,与之不相适应的是社会保障权益难以跨区流动。文章从区域统筹级别、异地转移接续的障碍和权益得失等方面分析城镇职工基本养老保险的流动性,发现流动性总体水平有待提高。目前基本养老保险已经覆盖全国所有市县,但仍有90%的省份未达到实质意义的省级层面上的统筹。流动性低还表现为异地转移接续障碍的存在,转出容易,转入难,从而导致大部分参保者个人基础养老金损失。文章认为,从可持续和公平的角度提高基本养老保险的流动性,是社会保障体系改革的重要方向。

One paradoxical dynamic of China's socioeconomic development is the incompatibility between the scale of labour mobility and the degree of entitlement portability.Taking the urban employees' pension insurance system as an illustrative example,this paper analyses the problems of entitlement importability based on the examination of the ranking of regional pooling level,barriers to entitlement exportability,and personal/regional benefits.The results indicate that labour mobility at overall level needs improving.Even though the existing system has already covered all cities and towns in China,90 percent of the provinces are unable to achieve substantial pooling at the provincial level.Another issue of low mobility is the existing barriers of entitlement tranfer across regions.The insurance is easily transferred out,but it is difficult to transfer it in,which leads to considerable loss of insured persons' based pensions.The paper points out that the important way to reform social welfare institution is to improve the entitlement portability in the perspectives of sustainability and fairness.