农民进城务工的新趋势与落户意愿的新变化——来自安徽农村地区的调查

A New Trend towards Urbanisation and Permanant Residence of Peasant Workers in Cities:From the Rural Survey in the Anhui Province

文章使用2009和2014年在安徽农村地区调查所收集的数据,分析了农民进城务工人员定居城市行为和意愿上呈现的新变化及其影响因素。结果发现,近5年来,农民工大量回流,在户籍所在地的乡镇和县市城区就近打工,早出晚归,已成为一种新趋势。与此同时,农民工落户定居城市的行为和意愿不进反退,导致这种状况的农村"拉回"和城市"推出"的因素都在增强,以户籍、住房、社会保障将农民固定在某一个城市的城镇化目标可能难以推进。文章建议在取消城乡户籍上的附加利益,为统一户籍和最终取消户籍创造条件的同时,加强新农村建设,并将其纳入城镇化进程中。

Using data collected between 2009 and 2014 in Anhui rural areas,this paper analyzes the new change of peasant workers' behavior and attitude towards urban residence in urban areas,and those affecting factors in this new situation.The results show that a large number of peasant workers have returned back in last five years.It has become a new trend that they are working in local cities and towns near their living hometowns.Meanwhile,they have shown less interest in permanent residence in urban areas.Both rural 'pull' and urban 'push' factors identified by the study have contributed to the situation.Since these factors are getting stronger and will continue to play roles increasingly in the future,it would be hardly to achieve the urbanization goal that peasants give up their rural residence and setde down in a city as expected by the government.The suggestions of this paper are taking off benefits attached to both rural and urban residence registrations,creating conditions for a unitary registration system and finally ending the registration system.This study also suggests extending rural development and integrating it into urbanisation process.