跳远运动员起跳阶段起跳腿工作性质及重心运动特征研究

Research on the Features of Take- off Leg and Centre of Gravity of Elite Athletes in Long Jump

运用文献资料法、运动学测试法、对比分析法,对两组(14名)不同水平的跳远运动员起跳腿各关节工作性质及能力进行对比研究,并对起跳阶段运动员身体重心运动(时间、速度、空间)特征进行分析。研究显示:跳远起跳阶段髋关节工作为先等长收缩再离心收缩,不是缓冲外界负荷的主要关节;不同水平运动员膝、踝关节缓冲、蹬伸工作能力呈显著性差异,踝关节对提高重心垂直速度的贡献不显著;运动员水平越高蹬伸时间指数、水平速度转变率越高,重心轨迹曲线越平滑。

Using the methods of literature review, kinematics test and contrastive analysis, this paper analyzed the takeoff leg＇s capacity of working and the centre - of- gravity motion in different levels of long jumpers. The results showed that the nature of hip joint work was long contraction and eccentric contractions; hip joint was not the main joint in reducing the load; There showed significant difference between high - level and low - level jumpers in the eccentric capacity of Knee and ankle, and an- kle had no significant on improving the center of gravity vertical speed; The Angle of gravity ascension had significant differ- ence and correlation between Buffer stage and Pedal out stage; The higher level of athletes, the higher speed of kicking time index, the higher horizontal velocity changing rate, and the smoother track of centre gravity path.