无偿献血行为的性质及其权利和义务间的关系探讨

Exploration on the Nature of Unpaid Blood Donation and the Relationship Between Its Rights and Obligations

无偿献血是一项道德义务,客观存在的一定量的用血需求,使得这项道德义务可以大致量化。超过义务献血量的献血行为客观上是慈善行为,这种慈善行为是对无偿献血这项非强制性道德义务的重要补充。无偿献血者享有物质权利和精神权利,这也是激励无偿献血的必要手段,但权利的给与要适度,否则反而会产生负面影响。义务献血者和慈善献血者享有的权利应该有明显区别,这样才能树立道德高点,才有助于营造义务献血向慈善献血转变的社会环境,无偿献血的可持续发展才能落到实处。

Blood donation is a moral obligation, because there is a certain amount of demand for blood, and the objective demand for blood makes the moral obligations be roughly quantified. The behavior of blood donation amount more than obligation objectively is a charity, and the charity is an important supplement to blood donation which is as a no mandatory moral obligation. Unpaid blood donors enjoy the material and spir- itual rights, and it is necessary to encourage unpaid blood donation. However, we do so in moderation, otherwise it will negatively affect the un- paid blood donation. At the same time, obligation donors and charity donors＇rights should have obvious differences, so as to create a high moral point, which helps to create a change of social environment from obligation blood donation to charity blood donation, and then the sustainable de- velopment of unpaid blood donation would be achieved.