论基本权利的程序保障功能

On Procedural Safeguard Function of Fundamental Rights

程序保障功能属于基本权利"客观法"的功能侧面,对国家权力具有拘束力。从其效力看,基本权利的程序保障功能并不对应于公民的程序请求权,其仅是课予国家提供具体组织和程序的义务。我国宪法文本存在程序保障功能的宪法解释空间,总体上呈现出消极保障和积极保障之二元保障机制,我国宪法第33条第3款(尊重和保障人权)和第38条前半段(人格尊严)亦蕴含了"基本权利应当受正当程序保障"的要求。我国基本权利程序保障规范的构建,至少包括约束对象和评价标准两个要素。

Procedural safeguard function belongs to the objective laws function of basic rights, and has the binding force to state power. In the view of the effectiveness, the procedural safeguard function of fundamental rights does not correspond to the citizens＇ procedural fight of claim, it just provides specific obligations in organization and procedures. Chinese constitutional text has the space of the constitutional interpretation of procedural safeguard func- tion, and presents dual safeguard mechanism which reveals in the passive protection and the positive protection. The third paragraph of article 33 of the constitution of our country which is to respect and safeguard human rights and the first half of article 38 （ about human dignity） also contain the meaning of that fundamental rights shall be protected by the due process. The procedure safeguard institution of fundamental rights in our country should include two ele- ments which are constraint object and evaluation standard.