跨境污染损害的国家责任

State Responsibility for Trans-boundary Pollution Damage

跨境污染损害中国家责任的发展呈现出两种趋势:一种是国际法对于国家的支配力逐渐增强,许多跨境污染损害已要求国家负责,且赔偿的程度同样增加;另一种是因救济原则严格履行而诉诸于私法责任愈加增多,具有将跨境污染转化为国内事项的效果。这两种趋势非但不互相冲突而且还足以表明在跨境污染中国家责任的协调发展。跨境污染损害赔偿,无论赔偿责任和实现的方法如何发达成熟,都是一种"事后救济",核心是损失分担,因此,其更需强调行为国的预防和减少实际损害的义务,把责任的承担压力切实转化成为国家和从业者保护环境的改进行为,唯此,才能真正增加环境利益。

Research on State liability development trends of trans-boundary pollution, we can found ： the gov- erning power of international law to the nation gradually strengthened. Many trans-boundary pollution damages al- ready require the State to take charge, and also increase compensation; national domestic jurisdiction, increases with suing to private law responsibilities caused by strictly fulfill the remedies principle, transformed trans-boundary pollu- tion into internal matters. The two trends don＇ t conflict with each other but seem to indicate the development of State responsibility in the trans-boundary pollution. No matter how developed and mature the liability and methods imple- mented are , the trans - boundary pollution damage compensation is still a kind of ＂relief＂ in nature, the core is the allocation of loss. Although indispensable, but at the same time the liability regime could not become the focus of the development of international environmental law, it emphasizes the State＇s obligation to prevent and reduce physical damage. We should transfer the burden of responsibility into effective improvement of the environment protection of the nation and practitioners, so as to increase the environmental benefits.