煤间接液化固体废物污染特性研究

Pollution characteristics of residues from indirect coal liquefaction

基于煤间接液化合成油过程中产生大量固体废物对生态环境和人类健康产生的危害,以某企业煤间接液化过程中产生的焦油渣、气化渣、锅炉渣、袋式除尘灰、生化污泥5种残渣为研究对象,采用硫酸硝酸法和水平振荡法对这5种残渣样品进行重金属浸出,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析浸出液中13种重金属离子含量;同时采用超声波仪对5种残渣中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行萃取,并采用气-质联用仪分析16种多环芳烃(美国环保部优先控制名单)的组分、单体环数分布以及等效致癌毒性等.结果表明:5种残渣浸出液中13种重金属含量均未超出国家标准规定的限值;残渣中PAHs的质量分数排序为:焦油渣(41 660×10-6)>除尘灰(213.99×10-6)>污泥(195.56×10-6)>气化渣(85.33×10-6)>锅炉渣(6.1×10-6),且多环芳烃组分含量均远远超过国际公共健康与环境组织规定的最高含量标准;5种残渣中BaP等效致癌物的质量分数排序为:焦油渣(1 092.14×10-6)>污泥(22.990 04×10-6)>除尘灰(0.231 27×10-6)>气化渣(0.122 41×10-6)>锅炉渣(0.012 22×10-6),焦油渣和污泥具有更大的潜在致癌性.

The massive solid wastes coming from indirect coal liquefaction process of manufacturing oil are seriously harmful to ecological environment and human health.5residue samples induding tar slag,gasification slag,boiler slag,precipitator dust and biochemical sludge were collected from an indirect coal liquefaction factory.The sulfuric and nitric acid method and horizontal vibration method were applied to leach heavy metals in the samples respectively.These leaching solutions were then tested for the 13 heavy metal ion concentrations using inductive coupling plasma emission spectrograph.Meanwhile,PAHs from 5residues were extracted through ultrasonoscope,and GC-MS was adopted to investigate the compositions of 16 PAHs,the different ring distribution of PAHs and BEQ.The results showed that the 13 heavy metal ion concentrations of the ten leaching solutions did not exceed the limitation concentration of national standard.The PAHs concentrations（10-6）of 5residues were in the order：tar slag（41660×10-6）〉 precipitator dust（213.99×10-6）sludge（195.56×10-6） 〉gasification slag（85.33×10-6）〉boiler slag（6.1×10-6）,and the PAHs concentrations were much higher than the maximum limit proposed by of international public health and environment organization.The BEQ of 5residues were in the order：tar slag（1 092.14×10-6）〉sludge（22.990 04×10-6）〉precipitator dust（0.231 27×10-6）〉gasification slag（0.122 41×10-6）〉boiler slag（0.012 22×10-6）,among which tar slag and sludge were potentially more carcinogenic.