职业紧张对中小企业职业人群失眠影响的研究

Effect of Occupational Stress on Insomnia Occurrence Among Workers From Medium and Small-sized Enterprises

目的探讨中小企业职业人群失眠与职业紧张的关系,揭示中小企业职业人群失眠的发生情况,为职业人群的失眠干预提供依据。方法随机从14家中小企业抽取1 580名工人作为研究对象,对每名研究对象进行失眠、职业紧张测定及基本信息收集,分析职业人群职业紧张与失眠发生的影响。结果 1 580名工人中,失眠892人(56.46%),男性706人失眠(56.67%),女性186人失眠(55.68%);倒班工人失眠患病率(74.81%)高于常白班工人(51.21%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);职业紧张得分:失眠组>可疑失眠组>正常组;紧张反应得分:失眠组>可疑失眠组>正常组;心理紧张得分:失眠组>可疑失眠组>正常组;工作和家庭满意度:失眠组<可疑失眠组<正常组;控制混在因素后,职业紧张得分、职业紧张因素得分、紧张缓解得分每增加一个单位,失眠发生的危险性分别增加1.045倍、1.044倍、1.050倍;工作和家庭满意度得分每增加变一个单位,失眠发生的危险性降低1.484(1/0.764)倍。结论中小企业职业人群失眠率较高,男女工人失眠率无差异,倒班工人失眠的患病率高于常白班工人。职业紧张影响职业人群失眠的发生,职业紧张中的职业紧张因素和职业紧张反应增加失眠发生的风险,而工作与家庭满意度减少失眠的发生。

Objective To discuss the association between job stress and insomnia among the workers from medium and small-sized enterprises and reveal the insomnia epidemic situation,and therefore to provide reference for insomnia intervention at workplace. Methods According to the criteria for inclusion and exclusion,1580 workers were randomly selected from 14 medium and small-sized enterprises. All participants were measured by insomnia,general job stress questionnaire（ GJSQ） and their demographic information were collected as well to analyze the association between job stress and insomnia.Results The incidence of insomnia among 1580 workers was 56. 46%（ 892）,including 706（ 56. 67%） male workers and 186（ 55. 68%） female workers. The insomnia rate of shift workers（ 74. 81%） was statistically higher than that of daytime workers（ 51. 21%）（ P0. 01）. Further analysis indicated that GJSQ total scores：insomnia groupsuspicious insomnia groupnormal group; stress response total scores： insomnia groupsuspicious insomnia groupnormal group; psychological stress response scores： insomnia group suspiciousnormal group; work and family satisfaction scores： insomnia groupsuspicious insomnia groupnormal group（ all P 0. 05）. After adjusting age,gender,smoking,drinking,exercise,marriage,family,work age,exposure hazard duration and working routine the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that with one unit increasing of GJSQ score,job stress factor score,work attitude score,stress response score and stress relief score,the score of insomnia were respectively increased by 1. 045 times,1. 044 times and 1. 050 times. While insomnia risk could be reduced by 1. 104 times 1. 484 times brought by one unit increasing of the work and family satisfaction scores. Conclusion The insomnia rate is relatively high in the medium and small- sized enterprises;the insomnia rate exhibits no statistical difference between males and females,while higher in shift workers.The occupation stress is associated with occurrence of insomnia. The job stress factor and stress response can increase the risk of insomnia,while work and family satisfaction could reduce the risk of insomnia.