论环境风险社会放大的制度根源与法律应对

On the systematic reasons and legal countermeasures of the social amplification of environment risk

环境风险的社会放大是指公众对环境风险的感知及其行为反应超越了环境风险应有的影响程度。环境风险的社会放大具有信息判断的主观性、形成原因的复杂性和影响后果的多层性,对社会稳定、经济发展和政府形象都会产生不良影响。中国环境风险社会放大的制度根源在于环境风险评估制度不科学、环境风险信息交流制度不健全、环境风险责任分配制度不合理。为了避免环境风险社会放大所带来的不必要的损失,法律应从环境风险评估、环境风险信息交流、环境风险责任分配等3个方面进行制度完善。

The public awareness of environmental risk and behavioral response which was beyond the economic and social impact of the environmental risk was discribed as the social amplification of environmental risk. The social amplification of environmental risk had the following three features：the subjective information judgment, the complex formation reasons and the multilayer consequences, and it also produced adverse affects on social stability, economic development and governmenfs image. This phenomenon resulted from the following aspects,the unscientific environ mental risk assessment, the inadequate environmental risk communication and the unreasonable environmental risk al- location. In order to avoid unnecessary losses arising from the social amplification of environmental risk, legal system should be more perfect in the three aspects of environmental risk assessment,environmental risk communication and environmental risk allocation.