美国大学先修课程60年:问题、改革及评价

Sixty Years Development of Advanced Placement in U.S.A:The Facing Issues,Reforming Trends and Reviews

20世纪50年代美国创建的大学先修课程在60年来的发展过程中,逐步产生了教育机会公平性的批评、应试教育负效应的责难以及精英教育质量下降等问题。为提升大学先修课程的质量以继续保持教育的国际竞争力,美国教育部继续激励更多弱势群体学生学习大学先修课程,大学理事会开始大规模审计和调整课程教学大纲并加强教师的培训工作,大学名校也开始提高折抵学生学分的大学先修课程考试分数等级。大学先修课程60年发展面临的问题和改革趋势表明:实施大学先修课程符合学生个性优势发展的教育规律;政府在精英教育机会公平性方面发挥着基础性作用;提高精英教育质量必须重点关注课程标准的科学性和教师素质。

During the course of 60 years development of AP courses created in 1950s in U.S.A, there have come out many issues such as the critics of equality of opportunity, the negative effects of Education to Testing and the weakening meritocracy. In order to improve the quality of AP courses, the U.S department is taking many steps to encourage the disad- vantaged students to join more AP courses, and the College Board is now beginning the work of audit and adjustment of syllabus of each AP course and also the work of teachers training of senior schools, meanwhile, the universities are also starting to improve the stan- dards of credits which they grant to the students AP test scores. The 60 years development of AP courses shows that as following： The AP courses do fit for the development of students development of personalities or strengths; The government take an basic role in im- proving the equity of learning opportunity; Improving the quality need focusing on the stan- dards of courses for meritocracy and the teachers quality.