基于光合特性的设施栽培耐弱光葡萄品种筛选

Screening of low light tolerance grape cultivars based on analysis of photosynthetic characteristics in protected cultivation

【目的】筛选适宜设施促成栽培的葡萄品种。【方法】以上海地区设施栽培常用的‘巨峰’等19个葡萄品种及从日本新引进的‘阳光玫瑰’等28个品种为材料,测定和分析了这些葡萄品种的光合和叶绿素荧光特性。【结果】根据光合特征参数光补偿点（LCP）、最大净光合速率（Pm）、暗呼吸速率（Rd）、表观量子效率（AQY）等及叶绿素荧光参数光化学猝灭（q P）、非光化学猝灭（NPQ）等对47个品种的耐弱光能力进行了评价。LCP与Rd呈极显著性正相关,Rd是影响LCP的主要因素,耐弱光品种具有Rd低、弱光下净光合速率高的特点。用光补偿点表征的47个葡萄品种的耐弱光能力可分为：1）极耐弱光品种（LCP=0～10μmol·m^-2·s^-1有‘希娜玛瑙’‘独角兽’‘紫苑’‘红罗莎’‘白罗莎’‘阳光胭脂’‘里奇巴巴’‘婴儿手指’‘凉玉’‘红港’和‘阿莫莱玫瑰’共11个;2）耐弱光品种（LCP=10～30μmol·m^-2·s^-1有‘巨峰’‘皇家’‘东方之星’‘10-1’‘晚熟里扎马特’‘甲斐路’‘黑彼特’‘黑天鹅’‘黑三尺’‘高蓓蕾’‘罗兰玫瑰’‘早茉莉’‘秋峰’‘库尔干玫瑰’‘粉红亚都蜜’‘相模’和‘京亚’共17个;3）较耐弱光品种（LCP=30～50μmol·m^-2·s^-1有‘旭旺4号’‘奥古斯特’‘无核早红’‘希姆劳特’（‘喜乐’）‘MTC斯蒂本’‘康能玫瑰’‘夏黑’和‘美人指’共8个;4）不耐弱光品种（LCP=50～100μmol·m^-2·s^-1有‘意大利’‘鲁沙其’‘桃太郎’‘阳光玫瑰’‘藤稔’‘无核白鸡心’‘意其克马尔’‘夏绿’‘巨玫瑰’和‘醉金香’共10个;5）极不耐弱光品种（LCP大于100μmol·m^-2·s^-1有‘圣诞玫瑰’。【结论】净光合速率（Pn）、光补偿点（LCP）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）对评价葡萄品种的耐弱光能力具有参考价值,LCP在0～50μmol·m^-2·s^-1的‘希娜玛瑙’‘独角兽’‘紫苑’‘红罗莎’等36个品种为适合早春促成栽培的耐弱光葡萄品种。其中‘巨峰’‘夏黑’‘粉红亚都蜜’‘红罗莎’‘希姆劳特’‘京亚’‘美人指’‘奥古斯特’‘罗兰玫瑰’‘阳光胭脂’‘凉玉’‘里奇巴巴’‘高蓓蕾’‘红港’‘婴儿手指’‘黑三尺’‘10-1’‘黑彼特’‘无核早红’‘旭旺4号’‘相模’‘库尔干玫瑰’‘秋峰’‘早茉莉’‘康能玫瑰’这25个葡萄品种同时也具备较强的耐强光能力。

【Objective】The study was to provide the basis for screening low light tolerance grape cultivars for protected cultivation.【Methods】Forty-seven grape cultivars including 19 commonly cultivated cultivars in Shanghai and 28 cultivars newly introduced from Japan were involved in the study. Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of 47 grape cultivars were measured and analyzed.【Results】According to the photosynthetic characteristic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,low light capability of 47 cultivars were evaluated. Light compensation point（LCP） and dark respiration rate（Rd） was a significant positive correlation,Rd was the main factor affecting the LCP,and low light tolerance cultivars had lower Rd and higher net photosynthetic rate（Pn） under low light. According to the numeric value of LCP,47 grape cultivars could be divided into five categories which showed different tolerance to low light： 1） Extremely low light tolerance cultivars（0～ 10 μmol·m- 2·s- 1）,such as‘ShinanoSmile＇‘Unicorn＇‘Shien＇‘Red Rosa＇‘White Rosa＇‘Sunny Rouge＇‘Rich Baba＇‘Baby Finger＇‘Ryogyoku＇‘Red Pot＇‘Muscat Duke Amour＇;2） Low light tolerance cultivars（10～ 30 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,containing‘Kyoho＇‘Royal＇‘Oriental Star＇‘10- 1＇‘Late Rizamat＇‘Minikaiji＇‘Black Beet＇‘Black Swan＇‘Black Sanjiaku＇‘High Bailey＇‘Muscat Violet＇‘Early Jasmine＇‘Shyuuhyo＇‘Kourgan Rose＇‘Yatomi Rosa＇‘Sagami＇‘Jingya＇;3） Relatively low light tolerance cultivars（30～ 50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,such as‘Xuwang No.4＇‘Augusta＇‘Zaohong Seedless＇ ‘Himrod Seedless＇ ‘MTC Steuben＇‘CannonHall Muscat＇‘Summer Black＇‘Manicure Finger＇;4） Low Light intolerant cultivars（50～ 100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,including‘Italian＇‘Rosaki＇‘Seto Giants＇ ‘Shine Muscat＇‘Fujiminori＇‘Centenial Seedless＇ ‘Ichikimal＇‘Green Summer＇‘Muscat Kyoho＇‘Zuijinxiang＇;5） Extremely low Light intolerant cultivars（Greater than 100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,for instance,‘Christmas Rose＇.【Conclusion】Pn,LCP and Rd are basic parameters for the evaluation of low light tolerance capability of grape cultivars. 36 cultivars（LCP： 0～ 50μmol·m^-2·s^-1 including‘Shinano Smile＇‘Unicorn＇‘Shien＇‘Red Rosa＇et al. had strong low light tolerance and were suitable for forcing culture in early spring,among which 25 cutivars ‘（Kyoho＇‘Summer Black＇‘Yatomi Rose＇‘Red Rosa＇‘Himrod Seedless＇ ‘Jingya＇‘Manicure Finger＇‘Augusta＇‘Muscat Violet＇‘Sunny Rouge＇‘Ryogyoku＇‘Rich Baba＇‘High Bailey＇‘Red Pot＇‘Baby Finger＇‘Black Sanjiaku＇‘10- 1＇‘Black Beet＇‘Zaohong Seedless＇ ‘Xuwang No. 4＇‘Sagami＇‘Kourgan Rose＇‘Shyuuhyo＇‘Early Jasmine＇‘Cannon Hall Muscat＇et al） also had stronger tolerance capability to the strong light.