高产高糖抗倒伏甘蔗新品种桂糖42号的选育及高产栽培技术

Breeding of new high-yield, high-sugar and lodging-resistant sugarcane variety Guitang 42 and its high-yield cultivation technique

【目的】培育高产、高糖、抗倒伏、适合机械化生产的甘蔗新品种,为广西和中国甘蔗糖业的可持续发展提供良种和技术支持。【方法】以ROC22为母本、桂糖92-66为父本进行甘蔗有性杂交育种,采用＂五圃制＂选育程序,经过区域试验和生产试验综合考察甘蔗新品种桂糖04-1001（桂糖42号）的形态特征和生产特性。【结果】桂糖42号植株高大,中大茎,易脱叶;出苗较好,分蘖力中等,成茎率高;中抗黑穗病,高抗花叶病和梢腐病,抗旱性强,宿根性好。＂五圃制＂历年选育平均蔗茎产量为95.06-108.87 t/ha,比对照增产11.3%-14.1%;平均糖产量为15.11-16.85 t/ha,比对照增产16.0%-18.9%。2011-2012年区域试验平均蔗茎产量和产糖量分别为101.70和15.03 t/ha,比对照增产9.26%和14.45%;蔗糖分14.77%,比对照增加0.66%（绝对值）。2012年生产试验中,平均蔗茎产量为88.62 t/ha,比ROC22增产7.86%。该品种2013年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,并于2014年入选广西甘蔗良种繁育体系十大主推品种目录。【结论】桂糖42号为早熟、高产、高糖、宿根好、抗倒能力强、综合性状优良的甘蔗新品种,适合在中国南方蔗区推广应用。

【Objective】The new sugarcane variety was bred,which had high-yield, high-sugar, lodging-resistant and suitable for mechanized production, in order to provide improved variety and technical support for sustainable development of Guangxi and even China cane sugar industry. 【method 】Using ROC22 as female parent and Guitang92-66 as male parent, the new variety Guitang04-1001（also known as Guitang 42） was bred systematically through sexual hybridization and ＂Five-nursery System＂ breeding procedure. Then morphological characteristics and production characteristics were evaluated synthetically in the regional trial and production trial. 【Results】The results showed that Guitang 42 was characterized by high plant, medium-large stem, easy defoliation, high germination rate, moderate tillering ability, high stem forming rate, moderate resistance to smut, high resistance to mosaic and top rot, high drought resistance, and good ratooning ability. During ＂ Five- nursery System ＂ breeding procedure, the average yields of cane and sugar were 95.06-108.87 and 15.11-16.85 t/ha, increased by 11.3%-14.1% and 16.0%-18.9% compared with those of CK, respectively. In addition, in regional trials during 2011-2012, the average yields of cane and sugar were 101.70 and 15.03 t/ha, which were increased by 9.26% and 14.45% compared with CK, respectively, and the sucrose content was 14.77%, which was higher 0.66%（absolute value） than that of CK. In production trial in 2012, the average yield of cane was 88.62 t/ha,which were increased by 7.86% compared with that of CK. Furthermore, Guitang 42 was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013, and which was elected into catalogue of ten main sugarcane commercial varieties from Guangxi improved seed propagation system in 2014. 【Conclusion】Guitang 42 is characterized by early maturity, high yield,high sugar content, good lodging-resistant and ratooning abilities. Therefore, which is new variety with excellent comprehensive performance, and suited to be extended and planted in sugarcane area of south China.