城市绿地空气PM10浓度及其与环境因子的关系

Air PM10 concentration of urban green space and its relationship with environmental factors

【目的】定量分析夏季高温条件下城市绿地内空气PM10(可吸入颗粒物)浓度及其变化规律,为城市绿地建设和指导居民合理安排休闲活动时间提供参考依据。【方法】在2014年夏季,连续7 d监测6种类型城市绿地和对照内空气PM10浓度及温度、湿度、风速、光照强度,并进行方差分析、多重比较和相关性分析,对比6种类型城市绿地内PM10浓度变化规律及其与主要环境因子的相关性。【结果】6种类型城市绿地及对照内PM10浓度均值为:对照(86.79μg/m3)>草坪(82.58μg/m3)>灌草(82.05μg/m3)>大落叶乔草(81.39μg/m3)>针叶乔草(80.87μg/m3)>小落叶乔草(80.1μg/m3)>乔灌草(79.09μg/m3);除乔灌草类型绿地外,其他类型绿地及对照内PM10浓度日变化规律基本一致,在9:00左右和13:00左右分别出现两个峰值;温度和湿度均对PM10浓度产生显著影响(P<0.05)。【结论】无绿化和绿化层次简单的绿地内PM10浓度显著高于其他类型城市绿地,人为活动对PM10浓度变化影响明显,利用植物进行合理密植和多层次搭配可有效降低绿地内PM10浓度。

【Objective 】The PM10（inhalable particles） concentration of city green space under the condition of high summer temperature was analysed quantitatively, in order to provide reference for constructing urban green space and guiding resident to reasonably arrange leisure activities. 【Method 】In the summer of 2014,the air PM10 concentration,temperature, humidity, wind speed and light intensity of 6 types of urban green spaces were monitored successively for 7days. Then, based on the monitoring-data, the variance analysis, multiple comparisons and correlation analysis were conducted to investigate change rule of PM10 concentration and correlation between it and main environmental factors in 6types of urban green spaces. 【Result 】The results showed that according to PM10 concentration, 6 types of urban green spaces and control were from high to low in order as follows： control（86.79 μg/m^3） grass（82.58 μg/m^3） shrub-grass（82.05 μg/m^3） large deciduous arbor-grass（81.39 μg/m^3） coniferous arbor-grass（80.87 μg/m^3） small deciduous arbor-grass（80.10 μg/m^3） arbor-shrub-grass（79.09 μg/m^3）. Except arbor-shrub-grass type of urban green space, the diurnal variations of PM10 concentration in other types of urban green space were basically in line with that in the control, the PM10 concentration reached respectively two peaks at about 9：00 and 13：00. Moreover, the temperature and humidity had significant influences on PM10 concentration（P〈0.05）. 【Conclusion】The green space with simple greening and green space without greening have significantly higher PM10 concentration than others types of urban green spaces. Furthermore, the human activities have significantly influences on change of PM10 concentration,and the reasonable close-planting and multi-level plant collocation can effectively reduce PM10 concentration in green space.