基于COII序列的云南东方蜜蜂遗传分化研究

Genetic differentiation of Apis cerana from Yunnan, China based on mtDNA COII sequences

【目的】研究云南东方蜜蜂群体的遗传多样性及其遗传分化,为其种质资源保护和有效利用提供参考依据。【方法】对云南不同地理东方蜜蜂群体线粒体的COII部分序列（1-259 bp）进行测序,并分析其遗传分化情况。【结果】在6个云南东方蜜蜂群体的线粒体COII部分序列中发现有5个变异位点,并确定存在7种单倍型,其单倍型多样度为0-0.644,核苷酸多样度为0-0.00420,群体间的遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.00966-0.69753。从基于mt DNA COII单倍型的东方蜜蜂NJ系统发生树可以看出,云南东方蜜蜂群体mt DNA COII序列的7种单倍型与我国境内其他地区及邻国日本的单倍型聚为一类,而与其他国家或地区的单倍型分开。【结论】云南东方蜜蜂群体遗传多样性丰富,不同地理群体间遗传分化明显,尤其是武定东方蜜蜂群体的整齐度较差、遗传结构较复杂。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Apis cerana from Yunnan, China, in order to provide theoretical basis for protecting and using effectively genetic resources of A. cerana. 【Method】The part sequence（1-259 bp） of mt DNA COII from different geographic populations of A.cerana was sequenced. And the genetic differentiation of populations was analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that there existed 5 variable sites in the COII sequence and 7 haplotypes in A. cerana populations of Yunnan, the diversity of haplotypes in populations was 0-0.644, the nucleotide diversity was 0-0.00420, and the genetic differentiation coefficient（Fst）among populations was 0.00966-0.69753. Furthermore, the neighbor-joining tree was constructed successfully based on haplotypes of mt DNA COII sequence, which showed that the 7 haplotypes of mt DNA COII sequence in A. cerana populations from Yunnan were clustered into one branch with the haplotypes of mt DNA COII sequence in A. cerana populations from other regions of China and neighboring Japan, and there were some differences between 7 haplotypes in populations from Yunnan and haplotypes in populations from other countries or regions. 【 Conclusion 】 Six A. cerena populations are abundant in genetic diversity, and there exist genetic differentiation among different geographic populations, especially, A. cerana population from Wuding region which shows worse uniformity and more complicated genetic structure.