美国大气污染治理投融资机制研究及借鉴

Study on Investment and Fund-raising Mechanism of Air Pollution Control in U.S.A.

美国大气污染治理开始于20世纪50年代,目前已经基本形成了以政府公共财政主导、金融机构绿色信贷、资本市场融资、污染物排放权交易等多元化的投融资模式。同时,美国建立了较为完善的投融资保障性措施,设立了专门的污染控制资金筹集与咨询机构,并通过立法明确各层级政府的大气污染治理责任,对没有完成治理计划的地区实施经济制裁。借鉴美国大气污染治理投融资的经验,我国可以通过制度创新进一步改革税收体制,完善以政府为主导的多元化投融资机制,以应对国内大气污染治理领域面临的资金压力。

Air pollution control started in the 50＇s of the 20 th in U.S.A.At present time the U.S.government has formed a completely multiple investment and fund-raising mode dominated by public finance,with a sum of initiatives,such as green credit of financial institutions,capital markets of fund-raising and emissions trading of pollutants.In order to ensure the promotion of the effective investment and fund-raising policies and measures,the U.S.government has established the special advisory agencies for fund-raising,and has defined government＇s liability in controlling the air pollution,and has established the regional economic sanctions for those regions which do not fulfill the control plans.Drawing on the experiences of the U.S.investment and fund-raising,China could reform the tax system through initiatives innovation and establish the government-led multiple investment and fund-raising mechanism,so as to reply the heavy pressure of a great capital need in air pollution control.