大都市底层社会的形成及其影响——以上海市的调查为例

The Formation of the Underclass Society in a Metropolis and Its Impact:Taking Shanghai as an Example

改革开放以来,中国社会结构的快速转型几乎成为当前中国社会变迁的一个重要标识。大都市作为承载现代化的符号,在各种新旧体制、新旧机制的交织作用下,分化出了一个庞大的底层群体,并逐步衍生形成了一个社会学意义上的"底层社会"。通过对上海市的实证调查,从人口规模、生存空间、利益诉求、文化意识、发展前景和制度安排六个主要方面可以揭示现阶段我国大都市底层社会的形成原因与发展形态,并可对其可能产生的社会影响及其对大都市发展的挑战进行分析。通过研究可以看出,在我国大都市的现代转型过程中,底层社会实际上在"反叛"精英权力的同时,也激发了社会治理的原生动力,其对社会结构所施加的影响也会逐步显现。因此,底层社会的未来走向势必成为都市发展和公共治理的一个持久关注点。

Since the practice of 'reform and opening up',the rapid transformation of social structure in China has almost become an important mark to identify China's current social transformation. Intertwined with various new and old systems,a metropolis,as a sign of modernization,has produced a large number of lowincome population, which has gradually formed an 'underclass society ' in a sociological sense. With empirical investigations of low-income population in Shanghai,this paper,from different perspectives of theory and experience,analyzes the reasons of the formation and the development trends of the underclass society as well as its potential social impacts on and challenges to a metropolis.