从实践到理论:我国商标俗称保护规则研究——兼评美国“公众使用”规则

From Practice to Theory:On the Protection of Nicknames of Trademarks in China:Comments on the Public Use Rule of the U.S.

在同时涉及元商标权人1、第三方主体2、社会公众多方利益的商标俗称、简称、昵称、译名等纠纷中,相关利益的归属及分配问题在司法实践中颇有争议。为协调商标法中"制造商激励"与"消费者保护"两大价值目标的冲突,我国近来由商标"主动使用"论转向了"被动使用"论,美国司法实务则创造了"公众使用"规则。然而,对我国而言,"被动使用"论实不可取,美国公众使用规则仅有些许参考价值。实际上,纷繁复杂的表象背后仍是商誉、识别性和显著性等问题。唯有拨开迷雾,探究俗称保护的本质、正当性和必要性,才能合理界定我国商标俗称的保护范围和条件,在此基础上探寻与我国传统商标法理论及现行立法和谐融洽的裁判规则。

Nickname of a trademark is related to the interests of the owner of the full-name trademark,a third party and the public（ including consumers） and easy to arise some disputes.In order to coordinate between ＂manufacturer incentives＂principle and ＂consumer protection＂principle,the position of ＂active use＂has turned into ＂passive use＂of the mark in that of China,while the ＂Public Use Rule＂has developed in the judicial practice of the U.S.However,the theory of ＂passive use＂of the mark is not a good choice for us and the ＂Public Use Rule＂of the U.S.only has limited value for reference for us.In fact,it＇s significant for us to clear up the fog of confusion and deeply explore the essence,rationality and necessity of the protection of the nicknames of trademarks,then determine the scope and conditions of protection of the nicknames rationally in order to find out better paths of resolving that problem and better rules of judicial adjudication.