农业生态补偿:理论、国际经验与中国实践

Agricultural Eco-compensation: Theories,International Experience and China's Practices

农业生态补偿与其他农业环境政策相比,具有经济激励程度较高、对土地利用限制较为灵活的特点,适用性较强。但是对采用市场化机制的农业生态补偿,需要综合考虑经济发展水平、市场发育程度、产权制度等条件。目前,就我国总体而言,除了森林与草原外,国内农业生态补偿仍处在起步阶段,缺乏全面的农业生态补偿制度,补偿方式以政府主导的补贴和项目支持为主,还需要不断地总结试点经验,创新农业生态补偿模式。在农业污染治理中,应综合运用管制型和补偿型政策,设计灵活多样的生态补偿机制,提高补偿项目成交率,还应充分考虑补偿的公平性,评价其分配效应。目前农业生态补偿重点应针对社会影响重大、适用于市场化方式解决的农业环境问题。

With comparison to other agri-environmental policies,agricultural eco-compensation can generate more economic incentives and condition land use in a more flexible way. However,developing market-based eco-compensation schemes should take into consideration economic development,market maturity and land property rights. At present,agricultural eco-compensation is still in its initial stage without a comprehensive agricultural eco-compensation system,though several eco-compensation schemes have been established in the forest and grassland sector. Most of eco-compensation programs piloted and dominated by the governments take forms of subsidies and supporting projects. Lessons learnt from these pilot eco-compensation programs can be used to develop innovative eco-compensation modes. Regulatory instruments and eco-compensation policy should complement one another to develop flexible and diverse mechanism,taking distributional effects into consideration.Currently,agricultural eco-compensation should focus on agri-environmental problems with major social impact,which can be addressed by market-based mechanism.