南海诸岛庙宇史迹及其变迁辨析

Analysis on the Historical Heritages and their Changes of Temples on Islands of the South China Sea

南海诸岛自古以来是中国神圣的领土,我国拥有无可争辩的完整主权。我国沿海人民在南海诸岛昕建的庙宇如天后庙、土地庙、大王庙、兄弟公庙或孤魂庙,不仅是我国人民发现、开发海南诸岛的标志和见证,而且是我国人民在南海诸岛留下的文化遗产资源,更是海上丝绸之路文明交流的重要载体。从1907年日本西泽吉次入侵东沙岛事件到1933年法国抢占南沙九小岛事件,南海诸岛上的庙宇及其相关的遗迹,都是中国政府进行外交交涉并收复主权的证据链。而日本、越南、法国、菲律宾等在侵夺南沙诸岛的主权时,却相继毁灭庙宇遗迹,以期强调所谓的"历史占有"。本文结合丰富的历史文献、考古挖掘、实地调查,全面、系统介绍了我国东沙群岛、南沙群岛、西沙群岛的庙宇史迹及其分布、基本情况、文化变迁,并进行详实的考辨,得出了更为准确的结论。

The South China Sea islands are China's sacred territory since ancient times,and China has indisputable sovereignty completely.Coastal people of China built temples on Nansha islands such as the Tianhou Temple,the Temple of Local God of the Land,the King Temple,the Brother Temple or the wandering soul temple on those islands,which is not only a sign and witness that our people discovered and found South China Sea islands,but also cultural heritage resources left by our people on islands of the South China Sea,and even important carrier of civilization communication of the maritime silk road.From Japanese NISHIZAWA Kitiji's invasion of Dongsha islands in 1907 to France's taking-over nine islands of Nansha in 1933,temples and their related sites on islands of the South China Sea are all the chain of evidence for the Chinese government to negotiating on diplomacy and recovering the sovereignty.When Japan,Vietnam,France and the Philippines invaded the sovereignty of Nansha islands,they also actively destroyed temples heritages to emphasize so-called historical occupancy.Based on abundant historical documents,archaeological excavation and field investigation,this article systematically and comprehensively introduced historical heritage and distribution,basic status and cultural changes of our Dongsha islands,Nansha islands and Xisha Islands,made detailed discussion and came to more accurate conclusions.