通风速率对烟草废料堆肥腐熟及元素变化影响

Effect of aeration rate on maturity and element change of tobacco wastes composting

以烟草废料为原料堆肥,设置不同的通风速率,通过对堆肥中温度、营养元素和腐殖质等指标变化的研究,揭示了通风速率对堆肥腐熟和主要元素变化的影响。结果表明,通风速率为0.1和0.2 m3/(h·m3)的处理的高温期持续时间在5 d以上,满足堆肥无害化卫生标准要求,堆肥积温以0.2 m3/(h·m3)的处理最高;堆肥结束时,通风速率为0.2和0.3 m3/(h·m3)处理的总碳含量降低率、总氮含量增加率及NO-3-N含量增幅均强于0.1和0.4 m3/(h·m3)的通风处理,且两处理的NH+4-N含量至堆肥结束时降至400 mg/kg阈值以下;通风速率为0.2 m3/(h·m3)的处理的终产品的腐殖化质数为1.91,达到腐熟阈值1.90。综合以上结果表明,0.2 m3/(h·m3)的通风速率较适于烟草废料堆肥腐熟和营养转化。

The effects of different aeration rates on maturity and element change of tobacco wastes composting were examined. Temperature,nutritious element and humus were monitored during composting process. The results showed that the duration time of high temperature of treatments with aeration rate of 0. 1 and 0. 2 m3/（ h·m3） which met the requirements of innocuous substrate were above 5 d. The accumulate temperature of the aeration rate 0. 2 m3/（ h·m3） was the highest. By the end of composting,the rate of total carbon reduction and the increasing rates of total nitrogen and of NO-3-N in 0. 2 and 0. 3 m3/（ h·m3） were higher than in 0. 1 and 0. 4m3/（ h·m3）,the final NH＋4-N of composting products with the aerate rate of 0. 2 and 0. 3 m3/（ h·m3） did not exceed the limit value of 400 mg / kg to be considered stable composts. The final humic index in 0. 2 m3/（ h·m3）was 1. 91,reaching to the limit value of 1. 90,indicating the higher maturity of composting materials. Finally,to synthesize the above results,aerate rate of 0. 2 m3/（ h·m3） was most suitable for tobacco waste composting.