日本林业经营的现状与问题以及其对中国的启示

The Situation and Problems of the Forestry Management in Japan and Its Lesson to China

通过历史分析法,详细分析了日本林业经营存在的问题以及存在的原因。林业存在的问题是人工林荒废、森林资源没有得到有效利用等。导致日本森林资源低效利用的原因是:小规模的森林所有结构、国产木材产业的衰退、向非皆伐方式转变的条件还不够成熟。同时,日本森林经营体制也存在种种问题,例如:林业合作社没能发挥出其应有作用、林业合作社的体制损害了林业体制的健全性、林业合作社没有起到促进扩大国产木材需求的作用。基于以上研究,提出加快林业研究机构和林业合作社的功能变革等建议。

In this paper,a detailed analysis is made on the existing problems in Japanese forestry management and its reasons based on a historical analysis method. The main current problems include large areas of the plantation which are left derelict and forest resources which have not been used efficiently. The reasons which lead to inefficient use of forest resources in Japan include small-scale forest ownership structure,decrease in domestic timber industry,and immaturity of the transition to nonclear-cutting pattern. Meanwhile,various kinds problems exist in the forest management system in Japan. For example,forest cooperative is unable to play its due role,forestry cooperative system did damage to the sanity of forestry system,forestry cooperative does not play the role of promoting the use of domestic timbers. Based on the above research,it is proposed to strengthen the functional innovation of forest research institutes and forestry cooperative.