西汉长安都城建设的立体化趋向

Three-dimensional tendency of the capital construction of Chang'an in Western Han dynasty

作为东方大都市,西汉长安的规划与建设出现了新的迹象,在某种意义上继承并实现了秦始皇的都市建设设想。阙、台、楼等显著提升高度的宫廷建筑受到重视,反映了对"壮丽"、"重威"的追求,也体现出了新的建筑艺术和建筑美学理念。因"复道"形成的立体交通形式,实现了都市交通的进步。帝陵营建选高敞之地,"诸陵长安"和"长安诸陵"都市圈的形成,又构成另一种立体关系。"上下诸陵"故事反映了对这种高差的历史记忆。"云阳都"与长安的关系又形成另一层次的高下对应结构。长安的北山和南山,被看作利用自然地貌以"表"的形式构成了事实上的北阙和南阙。西汉长安规划者以"崇高"显示皇权地位,以"上下"交错营造都市建筑格局特殊美感的理念,通过多种形式表现出来。

As the metropolitan in the East, Chang＇an in Western Han dynasty showed new sign in its planning and construction, which realized Emperor Qinshi＇s capital construction idea. The palace archi- tectures like Que, Tai, and Lou which can improve the building level were paid attention to. This reflects the pursuit of ＂magnificence＂ and ＂dignity＂ and the concept of new architectural art and aesthetics. The three-dimensional transportation of ＂double lane＂ realized the improvement of capital transportation. The imperial mausoleum was always built on high and open places. Metropolitan circle of ＂Zhu Tombs＂ in Chang＇an constitutes another three-dimensional relation. The story of ＂Zhu Tombs＂ in top and bottom reflects the historic memory of such altitude difference. The relation between ＂the capital of Yunyang＂ and Chang＇an helps form another corresponding structure. It＇s thought that Beishan and Nanshan in Chang＇an form the north Que and south Que in the form of ＂biao＂ by means of natural geography. The designer of Chang＇an in Western Han dynasty represents imperial power in the form of lofty and the aesthetic concept of capital architectures in the form of staggering up and down.