云浮市无偿献血初筛血型错误原因分析及预防

Cause analysis and prevention of primary screening blood type errors of donating blood in Yunfu City

目的对无偿献血者ABO血型初筛错误进行原因分析,并采取相应的预防措施,以减少初筛血型的错误率。方法统计2010~2014年本站无偿献血标本94 298人次中初筛血型与实验室正反定型检测结果血型进行比较分析。结果 94 298例无偿献血标本中,发现初筛血型错误368例,错误率0.39%,以B型误判为O型最高,占17.12%,其次为AB型误判为A型,占15.22%;各采血点分布差异明显,新兴、罗定采血点错误率最高,分别占0.58%和0.44%;各年份比较,初筛血型错误率逐年下降。结论初筛血型错误大多是由于人为因素导致,应增强工作人员的质量意识和责任心教育,加强理论知识和操作技能的培训,严格遵守操作规程,改善献血环境和试剂的管理,使献血前ABO血型筛查错误降到最低。

Objective To analyze the causes of primary screening errors of the ABO blood types of voluntary blood donors and take corresponding preventative measures to reduce the error rate of primary screening blood type. Methods The primary screening blood types and the laboratory positive and negative blood grouping test results of 94 298 donating blood specimens of our station between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed comparatively. Results Of the 94 298 donating blood specimens,368 cases of primary screening blood type errors were found,with the error rate of 0.39%,of which type B misjudged as type O was the commonest,accounting for 17.12%,followed by type AB misjudged as type A,accounting for 15.22%.The errors distributed significantly differently over each blood collection station and the error rates in Xinxing and Luoding blood collection stations were the highest,accounting for 0.58% and 0.44% respectively.As for the errors of different years,the primary screening blood type error rate decreased year by year. Conclusion As primary screening blood type errors are mainly caused by human factors,enhancement of staffs′ quality awareness and responsibility education,strengthening of theoretical knowledge and operation skill training,strict compliance of operation instructions and improvement of blood donating environment and reagent management should be implemented to reduce the pre-donation primary screening errors of blood type ABO to the least.