辣椒花蕾外部形态与小孢子发育时期的相关性

Correlation between External Morphology of Flower Buds and Microspore Development Stage in Pepper

为探索一种直接从辣椒花蕾外部形态特征判断小孢子发育时期的方法,以不同的3种果型（品种）辣椒为材料,对不同大小的花蕾和花药形态进行比较,并对其小孢子进行染色观察,寻找小孢子发育时期和花蕾外部形态的相关性。结果表明：1）辣椒小孢子发育经四分体时期、单核期及双核期3个时期,这3个时期特征明显,其中单核期又分为早中期和单核靠边期。2）花蕾的纵横径在4个发育时期之间表现为极显著差异;不同发育时期的花药大小差异显著,但花药长宽比不显著;小孢子处于单核靠边期时,花蕾的纵径和横径分别为0.626 3～0.798cm和0.369 7～0.593cm,花冠和花萼等长或稍长;花药长宽分别在0.320 7～0.403 3cm和0.123 3～0.221 3cm。花药呈深紫色。3种果型的辣椒小孢子发育时期均与花蕾的纵横径有一定的相关性。

The correlation between external morphology of flower buds and microspore development stage in pepper was analyzed by comparing bud size and anther morphology of three pepper varieties with different fruit shape and observing their stained microspores to explore a direct method to estimate microspore development stage from external morphological characteristics of flower buds.Results：1）The microspore development includes three stages of tetrad stage,uninucleate stage and binucleate stage,of which,the uninucleate stage is divided into early uninucleate stage,mid-uninucleate stage and late uninucleate stage;2）There are very significant differences in vertical and transverse diameter of flower buds among four development stages.There is significant difference in anther size at different development stage but there is no significant difference in anther＇s length-width ratio.When microspore development is at late uninucleate stage,the vertical and transverse diameter of flower buds are 0.626 3～0.798 cm and0.369 7～0.593 cm separately,the length of corolla and calyx is the same basically,the anther＇s length and width is 0.320 7～0.403 3cm and 0.123 3～0.221 3cm respectively and the anther color is dark violet.The microspore development stage of three pepper varieties with different fruit shape is correlated to vertical and transverse diameter of flower buds in pepper to a certain degree.