贵州黄花蒿内生真菌多样性及其产抗病活性物质菌株的筛选

Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia annua and Their Antagonistic Activity to Plant Pathogens

为了解贵州黄花蒿植株内生真菌多样性,挖掘农作物病害生物防治新资源,采集贵州生物多样性丰富地区的黄花蒿（Artemisia annua.Linn.）植物13株,分离获得内生真菌;通过形态学和5.8S-ITS rDNA分子系统发育分析得出分类;以小麦赤霉、水稻纹枯、番茄黑斑等9种农作物病原真菌作为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法对产抗病活性物质的菌株进行筛选。结果表明：分离获得内生真菌122株,鉴定得到子囊菌门真菌共10目8科12属,担子菌门2目2科2属,接合菌门1目1科1属。共计18株（14.8%）黄花蒿内生真菌对病原菌具有较强的拮抗作用,其中以青霉属GZUCCZY0012菌株的抗病活性最为广谱,对6种病原真菌菌丝生长均具有较强的抑制作用,抑制效果为72.60%～94.86%。

To know the biodiversity of endophytic fungi fromA.annuain Guizhou and develop the new resources of biological control to plant pathogens.A total of 122 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from 13 samples of A.annua from Guizhou Province,which were identified based on morphology and phylogeny of 5.8S-ITS rDNA.Taking pathogenic fungi from nine agricultural crops,including Fusarium graminearumt,rice sheath blight disease and tomato melasma as the target fungi,the antagonistic activity to plant pathogens were tested in the laboratory by petri dish antagonism method.Results：Ascomycota was of 10 orders,8families and 12 genera,Basidiomycota was of two orders,two families and two genera,Zygomycota was of one order,one family and one genus.14.8% of endophyte had an evident fungicidal activity.Among them,the strain GZUCCZY0012 of Penicillium chrysogenum had strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity to six kinds of plant pathogens,and the inhibition effect ranged from 72.60% to94.86%.