莎士比亚与“天才”观念

Shakespeare and the Concept of“Genius”

莎士比亚在欧洲激起了激烈的争论,在新古典主义者看来,莎士比亚是个野蛮人,在那些力图要摆脱法国文学影响的人们看来,莎士比亚则正是他们所需要的类型,这其中,英国人最先得益,其次便是德国。围绕莎士比亚的有关讨论的最大成果,便是"天才"观念的成熟。在《判断力批判》中,康德为"天才"定义,尽管没有明言莎士比亚和新古典主义,但他的"天才"观是完全站在对莎士比亚认同的基础上的。

Shakespeare in Europe sparked a hot debate：in neoclassical opinion,Shakespeare was a barbarian,but for those people who tried to get rid of the influence of French literature Shakespeare was just the one they needed.Britain of course the first to be benefited,then followed Germany.The greatest achievement followed the discussions about Shakespeare was the concept of＂genius＂.In the＂Critique of Judgment＂,Kant although did not referred to Shakespeare and French neoclassical explicitly,his concept of＂genius＂was totally on the basis of Shakespeare.