试论杨慈湖对道家的批判——以本体论、工夫论和境界论为中心

Yang Cihu's Critique on Taoism

在三教融会的背景下,慈湖的学说与道家思想有紧密关系。他从心学角度出发,以本体论、工夫论和境界论为切入点,对老子、庄子、杨朱、列子的思想进行品评,在批判的同时,也汲取了对方思想中的合理成分,使得其学说表现出更强的包容性。在他那里,践履的笃实与境界的高超可以并行不悖,二者是统一的关系。无论訾议还是借鉴,慈湖都表现出很强的主体精神,他将自己对心体的默会与"不起意"的修养思想贯穿其中,既体现了学术自信和理论勇气,也坚持了自身思想的一致性。他对道家的批判立场鲜明,特点突出,对后世有一定影响。

In Song Dynasty, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism profoundly communicated and combined, such academic atmosphere also affected Yang Cihu, and his thoughts was closely connected with Taosim, which made his theory more diverse and complicated.By the standard of his heart-mind study, Cihu commented Laozi, Zhuangzi, Yangzhu and Liezi.He criticized Taoism as well as absorbed the essence and reasonable parts from the counterpart.By careful comparing, we can find that Cihu had something in common with Taosim, such as the way of expressing and the level of enlightenment.No matter criticizing or absorbing, Cihu＇ s thought has displared great academic subjectivity, which reflected his confidence and courage, meanwhile, it was also the manifestation of his academicals proposals.