行政诉讼举证规则的体系解释

Systematic Interpretation of Burden of Proof in Administrative Litigation

确定举证责任规则,应当考虑各方诉讼利益与提供证据的可能性。被告对行政行为合法、原告超过法定起诉期限等负举证责任;原告对起诉符合法定条件、曾经申请行政机关履行职责,自己具有法定资质或者享有法定权利等主张负举证责任。原被告双方对各自主张的其他待证事实负举证责任。第三人提供证据证明行政行为合法的,免除被告的举证责任。法院依法组织当事人提供、交换、补充证据,特定情况下可自行收集证据,但不得收集证据来证明被诉行政行为合法。

The interests of parties in litigation and the possibilities to provide evidence should be taken into account when establishing the rules of burden of proof. The burden of proving facts,such as the legitimacy of administrative act,plaintiff failing to meet time limit for commencement of action shall lie on the defendant; the legitimacy of commencement of action,having applied to administrative organ for performing its duty,statutory qualification and entitlement shall lie on the plaintiff. Facts claimed by the plaintiff and defendant respectively shall be proved by themselves. The defendant is exempt from providing evidence when the third party proves the legitimacy of administrative act. The court could require the parties in litigation to provide,exchange and supplement evidence,and investigate and collect evidence under certain circumstances itself,but never to collect evidence to prove the legitimacy of administrative act.