刑法解释方法的位阶与运用

Hierarchy and Application of Criminal Law Interpretation Methods

刑法解释方法之间存在一定的位阶关系,包括适用位阶和效力位阶。适用位阶遵从文理解释→体系解释→历史解释→目的解释的解释顺序。在效力位阶上,文理解释和目的解释具有决定的意义。具体在运用刑法解释方法位阶时,应当采用后果考察的方法,坚持语义容忍性、逻辑融贯性、价值合理性三个解释向度。以此位阶解释"武装掩护走私":"武装掩护走私"不是一个独立的罪名,适用所有的走私罪名,只是在量刑上适用《刑法》第151条第1款规定的刑罚,解释应当明确三个量刑幅度所对应的具体情节,司法实践中死刑的适用原则上仅限于保留死刑的几个走私罪名。

There are some certain hierarchy relations among criminal law interpretation methods,including application hierarchy and effect hierarchy. In terms of application hierarchy,the order is literal interpretation,systematical interpretation, historical interpretation and teleological interpretation. In terms of effect hierarchy, literal interpretation and teleological interpretation have decisive effects.Specifically,consequences shall be considered from three aspects: semantic tolerance,logical coherence and value rationality. Therefore,smuggling with arms is not an independent accusation and it may applies to all the smuggling accusations. In terms of sentencing,article 151 is applicable and there shall be interpretation of specific sentencing corresponding to different situation. In judicial practice,death penalty is only limited to several smuggling accusations.