域外刑罚民粹主义的模式、危害与启示

Penal Populism Abroad: Mode,Hazards and Inspiration

标志性的刑事案件、民意压力以及政治势力的鼓动和支持共同构成了西方国家刑罚民粹主义的三级结构,也是其基本运作模式。刑罚民粹主义缺乏明确的核心价值、漠视真实的犯罪状况,在方法论上无法自圆其说;背离刑法的基本理念、造成刑事立法活动的工具化、犯罪政策的简单化,偏离犯罪治理的客观规律,破坏性大于建设性。不过,它所蕴含的扩大立法共识基础、尊重民众在立法过程中的参与性等观念值得尊重。而其折射出的如何扩大民众在立法过程中的政治参与、平衡民意影响与立法精英化的关系更值得深入思索。

Symbolic criminal case,the pressure of public opinion and the political forces support together constitute penal populism tertiary structure in western countries,which is also the basic mode of operation. Penal populism is not internally consistent because of lacking a clear core values and ignoring the real crime situation. It departures from the basic concept of criminal law,leads to the oversimplification of criminal policy,deviates from the objective of crime control,all of which creats more damage than construction. However,it contains the idea of expanding the legislative consensus,respecting for public participation in the legislative process,which deserves our respecting and deep thinking.