“浪费”的法律惩戒与约束

Legal Sanction and Regulation on Prodigality

浪费是道德伦理上的邪恶、政治上的痼疾和经济上的物不尽其用。帝国政治、专制政治和寡头政治趋于腐化和浪费。古代社会的法律禁止浪费。浪费公共财产和私有财产,都会受到法律的制裁或约束。监护与保佐的私法制度,反贪污浪费的行政法规,都是古代社会通常采取的反浪费措施。现代社会的法律虽然反对公共财物的浪费,但是却容忍浪费私人的财产,因为个人意思自治和私有财产不可侵犯被现代社会的法律当作神圣的基本人权。传统民法中的"浪费人"条款逐渐消失,现代法律通过浪费人信托法、私人破产法和邪恶之税法的相关制度来间接地遏制私人财产的浪费,以此来维护传统的美德、保护有限的资源和改良社会的风俗。

Prodigality is a kind of evil in religion and morality,a kind of corruption in politics and no-best use of product in economics.Imperialism,autocracy and oligarchy tend to be corrupt and degenerate.Ancient law prohibited prodigality on both public and private property,either by custodian system or by administrative responsibility.Modern public law suppresses excessive spending public property,whereas tolerates private property spendthrift because of modern fundamental human rights protection such as inviolability of private property and autonomy of individual will.Under this circumstance,modern law opposes indirectly prodigality through spendthrift trust,private bankruptcy and taxation so as to preserve traditional virtue,limited resource and plain lifestyle.