我国财产保险公司经营效率改善潜力来源——基于非参数共同前沿分析框架

Sources of Potential Operational Efficiency Improvement for China's Property Insurance Companies——A non-parameter metafrontier approach framework

考虑到财产保险公司之间存在生产技术异质性，采用共同前沿函数和非径向DEA方法构建非参数共同前沿分析框架，对2006～2013年我国31家财产保险公司的经营效率进行实证测度，分析效率损失原因并揭示效率改善的潜力来源。研究发现：共同前沿下的经营效率水平，低于组别前沿下的情况，但显示了最佳技术条件下财险保险公司经营效率的最大改善潜力；我国财产保险公司总体经营效率较高，中资公司效率高于外资公司，表明外资公司存在更大的效率改善空间；管理无效和技术无效是导致经营效率损失的两大来源，其中外资公司经营效率损失主要由技术无效造成，中资公司经营效率损失的原因则具有多样性；前者效率改善的篡略是提高生产技术水平，而后者应根据效率损失来源的关键方面提出有针对的设计策略。

Considering the production technological heterogeneity among property insurance companies, this thesis used metafrontier function and non-radial DEA approach to construct a non-parameter metafrontier framework to ex- ponentially measure the operational efficiency of 31 property insurers during the period of 2006 -2013 ,analyze rea- sons for efficiency loss and, try to discover sources for potential efficiency enhancement. The analysis found that： （ 1 ） The operational efficiency under metafrontier was lower than that in the group frontier, but this also indicated the maximum potential of insurance companies to improve their efficiencies under a best technology scenario ; （2） The o- verall efficiency of China＇ s property insurance companeis was relatively high, and the Chinese-owned companies had higher efficiencies compared with their foreign-controlled ones,indicating that foreign-controlled insurance com- panies had greater room for improvement; （ 3 ） Management inefficiency and technical inefficiency were two major sources of operational loss. The loss of foreign-controlled companies was caused mainly by technical inefficiency and the latter was caused by variant reasons. To improve their efficieneies, the former should improve their technology and the latter should draw some solutions according to the sources of loss.