防污染视角下国际海运危险物的联合海上监视机制探讨

On the joint marine surveillance regime for international maritime dangerous substances from the perspective of pollution prevention

国际法缺失对国际海运危险物在海运阶段的有效管制,危险物越界转移对有关沿海国的海域环境构成严重的潜在损害威胁。由于欠缺早期和实时的情报资料,各国的海洋环境损害应急程序呈现出明显的滞后性和低效性。基于现有的环境和海事法制以及最佳可用技术和实践,探讨在港口国监督体系内针对这类危险物及其载运船舶,建立起包括"事先知情—实时报告和连续跟踪—应急预警"在内的联合海上监视机制。

The international law has no effective regulation on the international maritime dangerous substances in the sea leg. The transnational transfer of such substances would constitute great potential threat of damage to marine environment in the sea waters of coastal states involved. For the lack of the relevant early and real-time information, the emergency response procedures on environmental damage in every state appear to be of time-lag and less efficiency. In this connection, based on the present environmental and maritime legal regimes and the best available techniques and practices, probe is made into es- tablishing, within the port state control（PSC） system, a joint marine surveillance regime for the dangerous substances, which should contain the procedures of prior information, real-time report and continuous tracking and early warning of emergency.