武夷山国家级自然保护区景观生态格局分析与评价

The landscape ecological pattern analysis and evaluation of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve

在GIS软件支持下提取景观斑块的数量、面积、周长等信息,运用相关的景观格局指数,对武夷山国家级自然保护区的景观生态格局进行分析;并利用层次分析法,选取多样性、代表性、稀有性、自然性、面积适宜性、人类威胁、生态脆弱性等7项指标对该自然保护区进行景观生态评价。结果表明:针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林和竹林是研究区的主导景观类型且破碎化程度低,植被的保护较完整;居民点、农田和人工植被景观的斑块数多,面积小,破碎化程度高,对景观类型的形成有较大的影响;景观多样性指数为1.48475,景观总体的异质性较低,景观生态结构呈现出不合理性和简单化。武夷山国家级自然保护区景观生态质量的综合评价指数为0.9195,说明该自然保护区的景观生态质量好,保护价值高。

With the support of GIS tools, information about the number, area and perimeter of all landscape patches of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve is extracted and the landscape pattern of the reserve is analyzed. Then, by using AHP method and by selecting multiplicity index, representative index, rareness index, natural degree index, area feasibility index, human threat index and ecological vulnerability index, a comprehensive landscape evaluation is conducted. The study shows that there are three dominant vegetations in the study area, namely conifer-broadleaf mixed forest, evergreen broadleaf forest and bamboo forest. The evaluation also indicates a low degree of landscape fragmentation within the region, due to its overall sound protection. For residential, farmland and artificial vegetation patches, their numbers are great but their areas are small, which shows a high degree of landscape fragmentation. The landscape diversity index of the entire study region is 1.48475, which shows a lower heterogeneity and the irrational and simply landscape ecological structure of the whole landscape pattern. The integrated landscape ecological quality evaluation of the reserve turns out to be 0.9195, implying its good ecological quality and high protection value.