动植物在陆地退化生态系统恢复中的作用及其研究进展

Plant-animal role and its recent progresses in restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems

生态系统退化导致了生物生境丧失、多样性下降和生产力降低,所以,恢复退化的生态系统,已成为亟待解决的重要课题,关系到人类社会的可持续发展。因此,阐述了生态系统退化的现状,并分析了其退化的人为和自然原因;比较分析了植物恢复、动物恢复及动植物联合恢复等生态恢复方法的适用性、有效性、局限性及恢复机制,得出以下结论:动、植物恢复首先应通过生态势和基础生态位等的分析,筛选出较为适宜的本土生物,这些生物的引入主要是通过收集种源、改善生境和构建生物廊道等途径进行;引进外来物种进行生态恢复,须评估外来种的入侵风险、适应性和生态功能;同时注意利用植物和植物、植物与动物间的生态位、化感作用和互惠共生等互作关系,并结合生态记忆的方法,进行动植物的合理组合,形成系统的生态恢复技术,进而实现退化生态系统的全面恢复。

Climate change and human activities have become a more important driver of the degraded ecosystem, which may lead to biodiversity decrease, productivity decline and habitat loss. How to restore degraded ecosystems for sustainable development has aroused great concern from the academic community. Thus, this paper assessed the current situation in the degradation in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and analyzed natural and human factors of ecosystem degradation. Furthermore, we reviewed the effectiveness and limitations and recovery mechanisms of the restoration approaches e.g., plant restoration, animal recovery and their combined remediation. It is concluded that indigenous organisms should be preferred by the analysis of their biological potential and fundamental niche under the regeneration in plants and animals, and the introduction of these species are mainly used by collecting provenance, improving wildlife habitat and building biological corridor. The invasive risk of alien species is introduced to ecosystems, and their adaptability and ecological function should be assessed. Meanwhile, plant-plant and/or plant-animal interactions such as the ecological niche, allelopathy and mutualism, and ecological memory should be utilized to restore former ecosystem structure and function.