两船距离与转向避让难度关系量化研究

Quantitative Relationship of the Distance between Ships and Difficulty to Avoid Collision by Altering Course

转向避让是航海上最为常用也最有效的解除碰撞危险方法,但转向避让行动的幅度和难度会受到避让行动采取时机的极大影响。从船舶运动的数学模型出发,提出了转向难度、最小转向角度等概念并建立了相应的数学模型,并进一步推理出本船施舵时两船距离与最小转向角和转向难度的关系,定量解释了随着两船间距离的不断减小,转向难度急剧增大、最小转向角急剧增大的原因,并通过著名学者S.Lenart的实例进行计算验证。

Altering course is the most common and effective method of collision avoidance,but the extent and effectiveness of altering course is significantly influenced by the time choice of avoidance. Starting from the ships＇ maneuvering mathematics model,the difficulty to avoid collision by altering course and minimum alter angle were proposed and the corresponding mathematics model was established. Furthermore,the relationship between the distance between ships and the difficulty to avoid collision by altering course was deduced. The quantitative explanation why the difficulty of altering course and the minimum alter angle increased sharply with the decrease of the distance between ships was given. And the proposed point view is verified with the case study of famous scholar S. Lenart.