论消极的平等主义

On the Negative Egalitarianism

自启蒙时代以来,人们通常信奉的是正统的平等主义,但是这种平等主义遇到了很多理论上的困难,特别是它无法克服"拉平反驳"。为了克服"拉平反驳",很多平等主义者转向了"优先论"。有两种"优先论":一种是以罗尔斯为代表的绝对优先论,另外一种是以内格尔为代表的相对优先论,但两者本身都存在一些难题。更重要的问题在于,人们通常把优先论与平等主义对立起来,从而平等主义者面临两难的处境:平等主义坚持平等的内在价值,但是它无法克服"拉平反驳";优先论能够克服"拉平反驳",但是平等会失去它的内在价值。我们试图证明,消极的平等主义能够摆脱这种两难,从而它是一种更合理的平等主义。

In order to settle some theoretical difficulty,many contemporary egalitarians have turned from egalitarianism to prioritarianism.There.are two kinds of prioritarianism,the absolute and the relative,but all of they are puzzled by some difficult questions.Furthermore,political philosophers often think of prioritarianism to be opposed to egalitarianism,then egalitarians are in a dilemma;If they adhere to value of equality,they could not overcome the levelling down objection;if they stick to prioritarianism,equality will lose its intrinsic value.Our justification indicates that the negative egalitarianism is a more reasonable egalitarianism,which can overcome the dilemma.