五个苹果品种的光合特性及叶绿素荧光比较研究

Comparative Studies on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Five Apple Cultivars

以5个苹果品种"宮崎短枝富士"、"俄矮二号"、"哈蒂"、"天汪一号"和"首红"为试材,在田间测定了其光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数,研究了不同苹果品种的光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性,为优良品种的选择和高效优质的栽培提供理论参考依据。结果表明:天气晴朗时,5个苹果品种净光合速率(Pn)日变化都是不对称双峰曲线,11:00左右出现峰值,在15:00左右出现次峰;日变化Pn以"天汪一号"最高,高低顺序为"天汪一号">"宮崎短枝富士">"俄矮二号">"首红">"哈蒂",所有苹果品种都有"午休"现象,其中"俄矮二号"的"午休"现象最为明显;所测苹果品种的初始荧光(Fo)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)都有明显的日变化现象。其中Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和Fm的变化趋势相似,整体上表现为先下降后又上升,14:00降到最低值,傍晚时略有回升,但仍然低于早晨;Fo的最大值均出现在15:00;PI日变化均表现为‘下降-升高-下降’变化。

The photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescent characteristics of different apple cultivars were investigated for providing scientific basis for choosing excellent cultivars and high efficiency cultivation.The photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescent parameters of‘Miyakiji＇,‘Oregon SpurⅡ＇,‘Harty＇,‘TianwangⅠ＇,‘Red chief＇cultivars were measured in field.The results showed that,the daily changes of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）in five different cultivars were two-peak pattern curves in sunny day.Exhibited only one peak in the curves at 11：00,and second peak occured at 15：00respectively.The cultivar of‘TianwangⅠ＇had the highest daily Pn value（‘TianwangⅠ＇‘Miyakiji＇〉‘Oregon SpurⅡ＇〉‘Red chief＇〉‘Harty＇）.All cultivars had an obvious phenomenon of mid-day depression occurred,in which the‘Oregon SpurⅡ＇was the most obvious.The changes of Fo,Fm,Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo in a day were significant.Fm,Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo showed similar changes,and all the values first declined and then rose.The lowest values appeared at noon,however,tetraploid varieties dropped more greatly than diploid varieties.Fm,Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo values rebounded in the evening but were still lower than that in the morning.Fo＇s reached maximum at 15：00.The daily changes of PI followed the trend of decline-rise-decline.