施肥水平对温室黄瓜养分吸收分布的影响

Effect of Fertilizer Amount on Nutrients Absorption and Utilization of Greenhouse Cucumber

以温室内黄瓜为试材,以试验区周边农户常规化肥施用量为对照,以化肥施用量依次递减1/3的4个不同施肥量为处理,在结果期通过测定养分及土壤有机质、微生物和酶活性变化,分析养分吸收利用状况及其内在影响因素。结果表明:一定范围内减少化肥用量可提高黄瓜根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量,显著增加果实P和K含量;当N、P2O5和K2O施用量分别为68、30、90kg/hm2时,可显著提高根际土壤细菌数50.41%、固氮菌数24.07%、放线菌数25.50%、纤维分解细菌数23.22%、过氧化氢酶活性13.64%、脲酶活性14.08%、蔗糖酶活性30.12%。影响设施黄瓜养分吸收利用的主要因素为土壤和根茎部速效养分含量、土壤放线菌和固氮菌数量及过氧化氢酶活性和有机质含量。

The greenhouse cucumber was selected to study the effect of fertilizer amount on nutrients absorption and utilization and its inner effect factor by analyzing data of nutrients,organic matter content,microbial amount,and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil.In the experiment,the conventional fertilizer application amount of the test area was used as the control,and the fertilizer quantity decreased 1/3in turn was used as 4treatments.The results showed that compared with traditional fertilizer,reducing amount of chemical fertilizer within a certain range promoted soil enzyme activity,microbial quantity,and significantly increased fruit P and K content,and the effect of the treatment（N 68kg/hm2,P2O530kg/hm2,K2 O 90kg/hm2）significantly improved rhizosphere bacteria count 50.41%,nitrogen-fixing bacteria count24.07%,actinomycetes count 25.50%,cellulose-decomposing bacteria count 23.22%,catalase activity 13.64%,urease activity 14.08%,invertase activity 30.12%.Factors affecting nutrients absorption and utilization of greenhouse cucumber were available nutrients of soil,count of actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria count,catalase activity,and organic matter content.