种植转基因番茄对温室土壤理化性质及养分的影响

Effect of Planting Transgenic Tomatoes on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient in Greenhouse

以甘肃陇中地区长期种植的转基因和非转基因番茄的日光温室土壤为对象,在番茄生长的幼苗期、始花坐果期和结果期分别采集温室土壤（0～20cm）,比较土壤理化性状和养分。结果表明：在土壤理化性状中,非转基因番茄在整个生育期会导致土壤pH值持续下降,而转基因番茄在幼苗期会导致土壤pH值明显下降,以后会逐渐升高,最终使土壤pH值与对照值接近,结果期转基因番茄土壤pH值的相对变化量极显著低于非转基因番茄;2种番茄都导致土壤水溶性盐总量先增加、后降低,转基因番茄土壤水溶盐的变化量在幼苗期、始花坐果期和结果期均极显著低于非转基因番茄;2种番茄都导致土壤有机质含量持续降低,且两者各生长阶段相对变化值差异不显著。在土壤养分中,2种番茄都导致土壤全磷、速效磷、全氮、水解氮、速效钾的含量持续降低,除了转基因番茄在始花坐果期、结果期土壤全磷含量相对变化量分别显著、极显著小于非转基因番茄外,其它养分在个生长阶段的相对变化量差异均不显著。因此,该地区温室在适当调节土壤盐分含量、科学合理施肥的情况下,可适当年限地连续种植转基因番茄。

Taking greenhouses soil of planting non-transgenic tomatoes and transgenic tomatoes long-term in middle region of Gansu Province as tested materials,the greenhouses soils（0-20cm）were collected respectively at seedling,flowering and fruiting stage of tomato,the physicochemical properties and nutrient of soils were compared between planting non-transgenic tomatoes and transgenic tomatoes.The results showed that in soil physicochemical properties,planting non-transgenic tomatoes,the soil pH value was declining during the whole growth period.And planting transgenic tomatoes,the soil pH value was declining during seeding period,but which was rising after seeding period and close to CK at the end of growth period.The relative variation of soil pH value of planting transgenic tomatoes was significantly（P〈0.01）below than planting non-transgenic tomatoes.Planting two kinds of tomatoes,the total amount of water soluble salt in soil was increasing at first but declining later.The relative variation of the total amount of water soluble salt in soil of planting transgenic tomato was significantly（P〈0.01）below than planting non-transgenic tomatoes at seedling,flowering and fruiting stage.Planting two kinds of tomatoes,the soil organic matter content was decreasing continuously,and the differences of relative changes at each growth stage was not significant（P〉0.05）.In soil nutrient,planting two kinds of tomatoes,the content of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,hydrolyze nitrogen,and available potassium was decreasing continuously.The difference of relative changes of planting transgenic tomato was significantly（P〈0.05）and highly significantly（P〈0.01）below than planting non-transgenic tomato at seedling and fruiting stage,respectively.Except the differences of relative changes of soil nutrient at each growth stage were not significant（P〉0.05）.It suggested that the greenhouses in this region could continuously plant transgenic tomato in few years under the condition of appropriate adjusting the soil salt content and scientific fertilizing.