SPH方法在土工大变形分析中的应用研究进展

Research review over the advances of the application of SPH method to the analysis of the serious geotechnical deformation

瞬时土工大变形往往给人民的生命及财产安全带来巨大损害。为此,预测其路径、速度和深度等形变特征,对正确提出缓解和保护措施极其重要。光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)是一种纯Lagrange、无网格计算方法,可避免极度大变形时网格畸变而造成计算停止等问题。总结了SPH的发展历史与研究现状,对国内外主要数据库相关学术论文的收录情况进行统计分析,结果显示SPH已进入快速发展阶段。综述了SPH的基本理论、土体本构模型、边界条件方面的新进展,介绍了SPH在土工大变形分析中的实际应用——泥石流、土坡滑移、土体爆炸模拟方面的典型成果,指出了SPH在土工大变形模拟方面的研究方向。

In this article,we would like to bring about a brief overview of the basic merits and demerits of the SPH method,followed by a comment on the SPH method,such as the new advances of the basic theory,the soil constructive model and the boundary conditions. We have also wished to make a review on the cases of the serious geotechnical deformation causes which may lead to or result in disastrous material damage and human casualty, such as the debris outbursts and landslides, dam breaks,the dynamic erosion,and / or sand liquefaction. For this purpose,we have to make an exploration on how to predict the deformation disasters in view of the geo-technological features,such as the slip and sliding deformation route,the deformation velocity,the depth of the deformation,etc. and the likely approaches to preventing the dams or outbursts from and protecting from such disasters,for which we do think mathematical simulations can be taken as a powerful tool in solving the aforementioned complicated calculation problems. What is more,the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics（ SPH） can also help to avoid the problem caused by the mesh distortion when the extremely geotechnical deformation occurs as a sheer Lagrange and mesh-less hydrodynamics trouble,for it can successfully be applied to the modeling of serious deformation and post-failure consequences of the geo-materials in geo-disasters. Therefore,one of the chief objectives of this paper is to make a detailed discussion of some features associated with SPH simulations for large deformation and post-failure consequences of geo-structures. And,finally,we have made a summary of the development history and the current research status-in-situ of SPH,with an analysis of the related research papers both at home and abroad. The results of this paper show that the SPH technology has entered into a fast development stage,Thus,we have made a detailed introduction to the necessary facts on the application of SPH in the geotechnical large deformation analysis cases and its related literature,especially those in the typical achievement in dealing with the debris flow,slope slip and soil blast. Besides,this paper would also attempt to point out the current research orientations of SPH in the large-size geotechnical deformation analysis,including：（ 1） the effective scheme of stabilizing the tensor in the serious geotechnical deformation calculation;（ 2） the 3-D simulation technology in the framework of SPH; and,（ 3） the ways to establish the coupled constitutive model for formulating the phase media.