大豆航天育种研究进展

Research progress on the space-flight mutation breeding of soybean

航天诱变是大豆新品种培育过程中创造变异的重要手段。目前我国大豆航天育种已经取得了阶段性进展,先后有4个航天诱变大豆新品种通过了国家或省级审定,多个品系参加国家或省级区域试验和生产试验。本文对基础材料选择、诱变后代选择时期和选择方法等育种相关技术进行了深入研究,对农艺性状和抗性等主要性状的诱变效应进行了分析,并形成了对大豆航天诱变育种具有指导意义的相关理论。还论述了航天诱变的分子机理与分子标记辅助选择在航天诱变育种中的应用,指出诱变机理和选择方法仍然是研究的焦点,建议各育种单位之间应该加强育种材料与技术的合作交流,以提高大豆航天诱变育种的水平和效率。

Space mutation breeding is an important soybean breeding method in the new variety creation process. Currently, periodical progress in soybean space mutation breeding has been made in China. There were four space mutation soybean varieties that had been approved by national or provincial crop variety examination and approving committee and more soybean strains participated in the national or provincial regional tests and production tests. The breeding technique studies including material selection, progeny selection and the time and methods selection have been carried out deeply. The mutagenic effects on agronomic traits and resistance have been fully research. The studies formed a technical system, which guided the soybean space mutation breeding. It discussed the space mutation breeding applications on mutagenic molecular mechanism and marker-assisted selection. The study indicated mutagenic mechanism and screening techniques would be the key in the future research. In order to improve the level and efficiency of soybean space-flight mutation breeding, the cooperation and communication on breeding materials and technologies between the breeding institutes should be strengthened.