基于GIS的栅格水文建模法快速评估内涝风险

A Simplified GIS-based Hydrological Modeling Approach for Rapid Flood Risk Assessment

针对我国内涝风险数据资料普遍缺乏的特点,介绍了一种借助GIS地理信息分析技术,采用栅格结构和矢量化数据,基于地表水文建模的评估方法。该法利用城市数字高程模型,提取流域水文特征,模拟地表水文过程,并结合数字用地信息,对城市内涝进行快速的近似分析,划分内涝治理的优先级,用于内涝治理的前期风险预览和规划。此外,这种方法可以用于城市社区内涝监测预警体系的快速分析,确定潜在的易涝区域和危险径流通路,为灾害的预警、预报提供了科技支撑。

To cope with lack of data in most flood risk assessments in China, a simplified surface hydrological modeling approach based on a GIS-based geographical analysis technology and combined with raster and vector data structure was introduced. With inputs of digital elevation models of case areas, this approach is capable of extracting hydrological characteristics of sub-catchments and modeling the surface hydrological processes. With combined analysis of local land use data, a fast approximate analysis can be conducted to provide a reasonable classification of risk levels of the investigated sub-areas, which can be used to indicate the priority setting for further risk management. In addition, this approach is capable of identifying the potential flood-prone regions and risky runoff pathways in an urban scale and can be considered as a preliminary assessment tool for urban flood risk monitoring and early warning analysis, thus providing a strong technology support for disaster warning system.