契约制度影响制造业利用生产性服务的实证分析

An Empirical Study on Contract Institution Affecting Manufacturing Using Producer Services

笔者运用"差异中差异"的估计方法,结合2008年中国省际细分行业的数据,考察了契约制度对制造业利用生产性服务的影响。实证结果表明,地区契约制度是影响制造业利用生产性服务的重要因素,在契约制度较为完善的地区,制造业对生产性服务的利用率更高,较好的契约制度有助于提高制造业企业投入生产性服务的积极性,并且这种正向作用在契约密集度高的行业会得到进一步强化。在控制了人力资本、物质资本、外商直接投资、对外贸易等因素后,以上结论依然稳健。此外,对生产性服务业细分行业样本进行估计发现:契约制度并不是影响制造业利用金融服务和租赁、商务服务的主要因素,这可能是由于我国金融业和租赁、商务服务发展相对滞后,导致制造业对其利用率偏低,或者是由于其更容易受到宏观经济形势和政策导向的影响,使得契约制度的作用被弱化。这些结论表明:应通过优化契约环境、完善司法制度、建设契约"软环境"来提高生产性服务利用率。

This paper uses the difference-in-differences method with data of two-digit manufacturing industries of China in 2008 to examine the impact of the contract institution on manufacturing using producer services. The empirical result shows that contract institution is the key factor of using producer services for manufacturing,and firms are apt to put more producer services into production in the region where contract institution is comparatively complete. Also,this positive effect will be strengthened in higher contract intensive industries. The previous result is still stable after controlling a series of factors such as human capital,material capital,foreign direct investment and external trade. Furthermore,this paper examines samples of specific group of producer services industries,but econometric evidence reveals that contract institution is not an important determinant of using financial services,leasing and business services. One reason for this is that lagging development of financial services,leasing and business services leads to low using ratio,and the other one may be that susceptibility of these industries to macro-economic situation and policy orientation leads to weaken effect of contract institution. The above results indicate that optimizing contract environment,completing judiciary and constructing contract soft environment can stimulate firms to use more producer services.