承德三级医院临床护士的情绪劳动现状

Emotional Labor of Clinical Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals in Chengde City

[目的]通过研究承德市三级甲等综合医院临床一线护士在不同人口学特征下的情绪劳动的差异性,为使其在临床工作中能更好地运用情绪劳动提供理论基础。[方法]采用方便抽样法选取承德市两家三甲医院的临床护士400人,使用自制一般人口学资料和护士情绪劳动量表进行调查。应用SPSS 17.0统计软件对问卷的结果进行分析。[结果]回收有效问卷383份（95.8%）。护士的情绪劳动水平得分高低依次为深层扮演（23.31±5.81）、情绪表达要求（12.30±4.13）、表层扮演（6.39±2.44）。不同年龄、工作年限、职称、学历、婚姻、聘用形式（正式在编和派遣制）、收入的护士其情绪劳动的各维度得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。≤30岁年龄段及工作年限在1~5年的护士深层扮演的能力最低;在运用表层扮演和深层扮演方面,已婚护士比未婚护士更具有优越性;本科及以上比专科及以下学历的护士深层扮演得分更高;护士的深层扮演和表层扮演两方面都受到职称高低的影响,且这两方面的表现都是正式在编护士高于派遣制护士（均P〈0.05）。[结论]临床护士群体情绪劳动水平总体较好,建议护理管理者注重为护士创造健康的情绪劳动环境,使他们善于调节情绪,及时排解生活和工作中的压力,并重点对低年资护士予以干预和疏导。

[ Objective ] To analyze the differences in emotional labor of clinical nurses with different demographic characteristics who work in tertiary class A general hospitals in Chengde City, in order to provide a theoretical basis for nurses to make better use of emotional labor in clinical work. [ Methods ] A total of 400 ward nurses were recruited through convenient sampling from two tertiary class A hospitals in Chengde City. Data were collected using a self-designed demographic questionnaire and a nurse emotional labor questionnaire. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the obtained data. [ Results ] A total of 383 valid questionnaires were returned （95.8%）. The nurses＇ scores of the emotional labor questionnaire from high to low were as follows： deep acting （23.31 ± 5.81）, variety of emotional required （12.30 ± 4.13）, and surface acting （6.39 ±2.44）. There were statistical differences in the scores of the three emotional labor dimensions among the nurses grouped by age, service history, professional title, educational level, marital status, staffing category （official staff or contract staff）, and salary （P〈0.05）. Specifically, the nurses at ≤ 30 years old and with service history of 1-5 years showed lower deep acting scores than the others. Married nurses （versus unmarried nurses） and official nurses （versus contract nurses） reported higher scores of both deep acting and surface acting; nurses with bachelor degree or above （versus those with college degree and below） reported higher scores of deep acting （all P〈0.05）. Moreover, the scores of both were different among those with different professional titles. [ Conclusion ] The nursing staff present generally good emotional labor. It is highly suggested that nurse managers should create a healthy emotional labor environment to facilitate nurse＇s emotional adjustment in daily and occupational stress management, and should provide special aids including intervention and consultation to younger nurses.