2012—2013年上海市普陀区初一学生健康素养调查

Survey on Health Literacy among Grade Seven Students in Putuo District of Shanghai in 2012-2013

[目的]了解上海市普陀区初一学生健康素养现况,寻找影响青少年健康素养的因素,为制定相关健康教育策略提供依据。[方法]针对2011年入学的上海市普陀区初一年级在校学生,采用整群随机抽样方法抽取11所学校中的13个班级,共计420名学生进行横断面调查。[结果]调查对象健康素养问卷总回答正确率中位数（M）（P25~P75）为74.55%（67.27%~78.18%）,4个维度的回答正确率M（P25~P75）分别为健康科学观及健康生活方式73.33%（66.67%~80.00%）、常见疾病预防62.50%（56.25%~75.00%）、基本医疗知识技能72.73%（63.64%~81.82%）、安全应急避险85.71%（78.57%~100.00%）,全部被调查对象中仅有17.00%达到具备健康素养（总正确率〉80.00%）标准。不同性别、户籍和民族调查对象的健康素养问卷回答正确率差异均无统计学意义,但健康促进学校学生的健康素养问卷回答正确率高于非健康促进学校学生（P=0.002）。[结论]该区初一学生健康素养平均水平大多处于中上,但健康素养具备率仍有待提高。在青少年健康素养的影响因素中,所在学校是否曾被命名为“健康促进学校”仍是较为显著的一个因素。

[ Objective ] To learn about the health literacy status among students of grade seven in Putuo District and identify potential factors affecting adolescents＇ health literacy, so as to provide a basis for making relevant health education strategies. [ Methods ] A total of 420 grade seven students of 13 classes of 11 junior high schools were selected by cluster random sampling from all the classes of grade seven that enrolled in 2011 in Putuo District of Shanghai. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among them. [ Results ] The median （P25-P75） of total correct answer rate of the health literacy questionnaire was 74.55% （67.27%-78.18%）, and the medians of four dimensions including scientific concept of health and healthy lifestyle, prevention of common diseases, basic medical knowledge and skills, and safety and emergency response were 73.33% （66.67%-80.00%）, 62.50% （56.25%-75.00%）; 72.73% （63.64%-81.82%）, and 85.71% （78.57%-100.00%）, respectively. Only 17.00% subjects were graded as having health literacy （total correct answer rate 〉80.00%）. No statistical differences were found among students categorized by gender, household registration, or ethnic group, but there was a difference between schools with and without health promoting programs （P=0.002）. [ Conclusion ] The average health literacy level of the grade seven students in Putuo District is generally on the high side but still need improvement. Whether health promoting program is launched in the adolescents＇ schools could be a remarkable factor affecting their health literacy.