植物精油对档案窃蠹幼虫的毒力测定

Determination of Toxicity of Plant Essential Oils to Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic. Larvae

档案窃蠹(Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic.)是危害档案、文物、图书害虫种群中的优势虫种之一,分布广,危害重。化学农药虽可有效地控制其危害,但由于长期单一使用致使害虫抗药性增强,防治效果降低,而且对环境污染严重,对人体健康威胁极大。因此,为防止化学农药造成的公害,各国都在努力研制新型杀虫剂或寻找杀虫剂的替代物。植物精油即是可选的替代物之一,为探索它对档案窃蠹幼虫的熏杀效果,采用密闭熏蒸方法,测定了6种植物精油对档案窃蠹幼虫的熏杀活性。结果表明,供试植物精油之间对同一害虫的毒力存在着较大差异,其中冬青油、艾蒿油、桉叶油对该种害虫具有很高的熏杀毒力。

Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic. is one of the most harmful insects to the files,cultural relics and books. Its wide distribution and harm lead serious deterioration of many precious artifacts which then become valueless. Although chemical pesticide can be used to control this harm efficiently,it would pollute environment and threat human health after single-using for long time. Therefore,hard efforts were devoted to find out some new insecticide or the substitutes of the insecticide to reduce the harm of chemical insecticide in many countries. Plant essential oil is one kind of the substitutes. We used the closed fumigation method to measure the killing ability of six kinds of plant essential oils to Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic. larvae. The results showed that a large difference was existed between the killing effects of these essential oils to the same insect pest. The wintergreen oil,artemisia argyi oil and eucalyptus oil had great fumigation toxicity.