美国公立大学教师学术自由司法保护的新危机——从加西堤案引发的公言论与公职言论之争谈起

The New Crisis in Academic Freedom Judicial Protection of American Public Faculty—— From the Debate between Public Speech and Public Employee Speech Caused from Garcetti Case

在美国,学术自由在获得联邦宪法第1修正案保护之前经历了一个漫长的阶段,学术自由案件判决的重心逐渐集中于公私言论的辨别之上。联邦最高法院对加西堤案的判决,使公职言论登上了历史的舞台,从此开启了公言论与公职言论竞争的时代。

In America,academic freedom has experienced a long period before obtaining the protection of federal constitution＇s first amendment.The center of judgment in the academic freedom case becomes concentrated in distinguishing the property of public speech or private speech.The judgment of Garcetti case by the U.S.Supreme Court pushes public employee speech to the stage of history,which open a competition era of public speech and public employee speech.