从神经衰弱看美国《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的文化适用性

The Cultural Applicability of DSM:take neurasthenia for example

神经衰弱在现代精神医学中的地位如何,是否能作为独立的疾病诊断类别而存在,东西方精神病学界及精神疾病诊断标准上几乎存在完全不同的看法。论文从神经衰弱诊断地位和患病率的文化差异入手,分析不同文化中疾病症状呈现和诊断中存在的差异,提出一个与精神疾病诊断相关的话题,即源自于美国文化的DSM系统能否完全适用于美国文化之外的其他文化。认为临床医生在进行精神疾病诊断时必须认识到西方目前精神疾病分类学中存有的文化局限性。

Whether a diagnostic toot or standard used in a culture can be used in another culture, because of the overlap and co-morbidity of mental illness and emotional disorder symptoms, a symptom does not necessarily constitute a standardized diagnostic criteria for a disease. Differences in the diagnosis of neurasthenia is one of the most classic example in this regard. Ultimately, DSM is based on the foundation of dualism and bio-medical basis of native American culture, though it is scientific and authoritative, whether it is universal, whether it can be fully applicable to different social culture and heterogeneous, it is a thoughtful problem. The paper suggested that when clinicians diagnose neurasthenia and depression, they should recognize that there are cultural limitations of the current Western taxonomy of mental illness.